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February 18, 2021 by Sally Spratt

What Is Japanese Furniture?

Japanese furniture have many kind of appearance such as tansu cabinet, futon, tatami, kotatsu, zafu or zabuton, … If you have problems in researching basic knowledge, let’s check this article now.

 Japanese Furniture: History and Style

Imagine that every single thing you own has a purpose and a location, and you are getting closer to envisioning a traditional Japanese household. The Japanese interior design culture is careful and thoughtful. Each device, while simple, has a function and elegance that enhances the living area of the house it belongs to. This lesson will focus on Japanese interior style and history.

Japanese traditional house

If you look at the interior of a Japanese family, the first word that comes to your mind is probably ‘sparse’. This is because in traditional Japanese houses, from past to present, very little furniture for sitting or sleeping. Without a chair or bed, the Japanese often use the floor for sitting and sleeping. This is because the Japanese believe in the concept of ghosts, or negative space, and desire simplicity. Objects will be placed very far apart, as the Japanese believe that this space encourages creativity.

Another common feature of households in Japan is the concept of internal and external space. Screens, called shoji are used to close or open rooms together and with the outside. This linked nature with the inside of their living space.

japanese apartment

Parts (byobu / tsuitate)

Byobu (shown on image) are movable bulkheads arranged in a zigzag pattern so that the panels stand without the need for additional supports. Another type of free-standing partitions, called tsuitate, are single plates supported by the legs. Both types of partitions are different in size to divide the room, enhance privacy or prevent drafts. Partition walls have many different designs from simple to high-priced collectors to adorn famous paintings.

Low table

 Low tables are used in traditional Japanese rooms, as sitting on the floor is a common habit there. During the colder months of the year, warm dining tables (kotatsu) are very popular. They are covered with a blanket and heating underneath.

Cushion (zabuton)

Large cushions are used to sit on the floor in a tatami room. In some cases, the cushion is placed on the low leg without the legs (zaisu, see photo) to provide some support to the back. Note that stepping on a mattress is not considered impolite.

futon

Futon

 Futon is a traditional Japanese mattress that is placed directly on a tatami floor. They are stored in the cupboard during the day and taken out in the evening after dinner. Guests can experience futon bedding at hotels like ryokans and minshuku.

Further Reading:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaisu

http://factsanddetails.com/japan/cat19/sub121/item644.html

Filed Under: Home Remodeling

November 1, 2020 by Sally Spratt

Who Invented The Tractor?

Tractors are one of the most widely-used engineering vehicles for performing agricultural tasks. But have you ever wondered that who invented the tractor and how it has been evolved until today? Read on to have a deeper understanding of the vast history of this amazing machine in the article below.

who invented tractor

Who invented the tractor?

In 1892, the first successful tractor was invented by John Froelich (1849 -1933) in the tiny village in Northeast Iowa. The word “tractor” was not used in those days, it only came into common use until later. At that time, it was the first successful gasoline engine that could be driven backwards and forwards.

Prior to the widespread use of tractors, farmers relied on steam-powered engines to thresh wheat. However, there are some problems associated with those engines; they were heavy and bulky, making them difficult to maneuver and expensive to use. Moreover, it always posed a threat to set fire to the stubble and grain in the fields.

Every fall, Froelich took a crew of men to Langford, South Dakota to work on the fields, so he was very familiar with such equipment and their issues. That is the reason why he was determined to invent a better way to power the engines.

The solution was finally found – gasoline. He and his blacksmith Will Mann worked side-by-side to mount a one-cylinder gasoline engine mounted on the running gear of a steam traction engine.

After a few weeks of testing, Froelich and his crew started for the broad fields of South Dakota with the “tractor” and a new threshing machine. That fall, his crew threshed 72,000 bushels of small grain, making the new equipment successful results.

A big improvement on the tractor now compared to the old days is the tractor seat. With the most comfortable tractor seat right now, the farmer can be a lot more productive for long periods of time.

Evolution of tractors

Tractors made a dramatic change in farming. Take a journey through the history of tractors and their incredible milestones to see how the evolution of this farm tool has changed:

The world's first tractors
The world’s first tractors

1831: Cyrus Hall McCormick invented the first commercially successful reaper, a horse-drawn machine to harvest wheat. This tool laid the foundation for later power farming.

1837: Tractor pioneer John Deere introduced his polished steel plow blade made from an old saw. Deere’s newly popular saws allowed him to begin his mass-producing business instead of making them on-demand.

1849: A. M. Archambault & Company made the first farm steam engine. Later, manufacturers developed the traction engine, a machine with powered wheels and steering capabilities. The steam traction engine was used in driving the threshing machine.

1876: The Otto internal combustion engine was patented by the German engineer named Nicholas Otto. When his patents expired in 1890, companies worldwide jumped into the Otto-type engine business.

1892: John Froelich produced the first gas gasoline tractor engine to the farming industry.

1895: The Waterloo Gasoline Engine Company was incorporated by a group of businessmen and made Froelich the president. The interest of Froelich remained in tractors instead of stationary engines and soon chose to withdraw from the company.

1905: On San Francisco, a Holt steam traction engine worked on the construction of the cable car system.

1907: Henry Ford and chief engineer Joseph Galamb introduced the first gasoline-powered tractor model named automobile plow.

1908: Holt Caterpillar track-type tractors became famous after their use in the Los Angeles Aqueduct Project.

1910: Gas-powered tractor models were widespread in farming moving forward.

1913: Bull Tractor Company of Minneapolis introduced the first tractor for small farmers. The tractor had a single “bull” wheel, a two-cylinder 12 horsepower engine, and a cone clutch in lieu of a transmission gearbox.

1914: The first Waterloo Boy Tractor, also called the Model R single-speed tractor was manufactured by The Waterloo Gasoline Engine Company. Their sales slowly reached to 118 tractors within a year.

1918: Deere Company bought the Waterloo Gasoline Engine Company, manufacturers of the Waterloo Boy Tractor. Deere continued to sell tractors under the Waterloo Boy name until 1923.

1923: The Farmall tractor, an inexpensive, lightweight, all-purpose, row-crop tractor advertised to “farm all” was introduced by International Harvester. The machine revolutionized power farming in the U.S.

1925: Caterpillar Inc. joined the tractor business.

1934: John Deere and Caterpillar Inc. were able to survive the Great Depression by focusing on product development. Model A and Model B tractors of Deere Company remained the most popular Deere models in company history, manufactured until 1952.

1940: Small family farms started dying out and large farms sprang up like mushroom. Gone was the day when farmers used only one tractor, the average large farm required several tractors to maximize production.

1959: John Deere successfully reached over 1.25 million two-cylinder tractors and started manufacturing four- and six-cylinder engine tractors.

1960: Four Wheel Drive was introduced to tractors. Caterpillar expanded the production to Brazil, which continues to the present day.

1963: The John Deere 4020 hit the market, making it the best-selling tractor of all time. Farmall could no longer remain the top-selling row-crop tractors.

1980: The U.S. experienced major agricultural depression. Nevertheless, Deere Company managed to stay on top since other major competitors merged or went out of business.

1994: John Deere produced revolutionary row-crop tractors in order to improve the farming trade. Farmers started to manage crops and tractor use with GPS applications to regulate water, fertilizer, pesticide use, and monitor crop conditions.

2000: John Deere company tractor name and numbering systems were updated to display engine horsepower in each model number such as John Deere 6115D.

2014: Industry experts endorsed the concept of driverless tractors in the near future.

Conclusion

If you were wondering about who invented the tractor, then you probably have got the answer. Tractors have been recognized as one of the most important applications of the internal combustion engine. Through the tractor evolution, we can see how far farming technology has advanced since tractor power began to replace draft animals and steam-powered machinery over a century ago.

Reference:

  • http://www.froelichtractor.com/thetractor.html
  • https://www.sodgod.com/tractor-history/
  • https://nelsontractorco.com/first-tractor/

Filed Under: Lifestyle

October 16, 2020 by Sally Spratt

Panasonic 18650 Battery – Real & Fake

The 18650 battery is quite popular in the market for its convenience and durability. Panasonic 18650 batteries are often used in electronic equipment such as flashlights, power banks, toys, …

What is 18650 battery?

The 18650 battery is a Lithium Lion material battery. We can charge Lion batteries during use. The reason these batteries or some other batteries are so named is based on their size.

Looking at the name of the battery, the manufacturer can come up with their exact dimensions.

From here on, the design process of products using 18650 batteries is also faster and more convenient. To summarize from the name, we can give the diameter and length of the battery.

Specifically, with this 18650 battery, it has a diameter of 180 mm and a length of 650 mm.

Construction of the 18650 panasonic battery

The construction of the 18650 battery is extremely simple. It has a voltage of about 3.7v. Because the utility can charge power, this type of battery is used a lot for mobile technology products that need large energy sources such as power banks, flashlights, laptops, external chargers …

For flashlights, we need a minimum of 2 18650 batteries. With the power bank there are 3 batteries. There are backup chargers that need a high energy source, which will increase the number of batteries.

In terms of structure, the outer shell of the power bank is responsible for storing and covering the entire number of 18650 batteries contained within.

With the irreversible size of the battery, the power bank’s charge capacity will also be greatly limited. Because of its compact size, the number of 18650 batteries in the power bank can not be too large no matter how well arranged the power bank is.

With laptops, most currently need to use 6 18650 batteries for laptop battery cmos.

The life of the 18650 battery

The rechargeable 18650 battery has a very long service life. Under ideal test conditions, you can charge the battery up to 500 times. Of course, this number is in fact many times lower.

The original 18650 battery is the bigger one than the primary battery despite the similar shape. Mostly rechargeable batteries. The size of the battery is 18mm in diameter and 650mm in length.

What type of 18650 batteries?

Some genuine 18650 batteries currently have this battery pack. For example Panasonic, Ultra fire, Akasha, Victory, …

The price of these batteries is also varied depending on the brand and the quality of each.

Currently on the market, Panasonic’s 18650 rechargeable battery series is the best and the price is also the highest.

The 18650 battery has its own box and has an anti-counterfeiting barcode, holding the battery firmly. Since Panasonic’s 18650 batteries are made with far more raw materials, the price goes hand in hand with battery quality.

Each 18650 battery, like any other rechargeable battery, has its own mAh capacity. mAh denotes the current supplied to the device for one hour.

Panasonic 18650 battery has a capacity of 3400mAh. However, the battery material also partly affects the power supply to the device.

Which device is the 18650 line battery for?

So what devices can use 18650-sized batteries? The most popular device is the laptop battery, the most suitable battery for laptop battery is Panasonic and Ultrafire.

Because the quality 18650 batteries of these two brands can provide enough power for this device.

So when buying batteries for the device should find out the brand and battery quality for the device to work best.

In addition, the drill should also use these two genuine 18650 batteries; because the capacity of the machine is high.

As for devices such as toys, mini fans, super-bright flashlights, .. can be used by all brands.

When choosing to buy 18650 batteries for your device, you should see how powerful the device is; to choose the battery company with the most suitable capacity.

Filed Under: Reviews

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